Response to Coments on DQ1 KS and MB W10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction to Coments on DQ1 KS and MB W10 - Essay Example I would not suggest a purchase choice on such a stock since it is never savvy to settle on speculation choices when not all the data accessible. The financial specialist should look for the data utilizing propelled search strategies, for example, utilizing proficient databases. DQ2 When financial specialists break down the estimation of a stock the patterns and occasions happening in the business impact the cost of the basic stock a great deal. Microsoft has a place with the PC business. They are the market heads in the working framework programming section. The organization has a place with an industry that is as of now blasting as far as deals. The organization additionally has an enhanced item portfolio that incorporates items, for example, the Xbox 360 which is one of the top selling game consoles in the commercial center. On the opposite side of the coin is General Motors. An organization that battled so much as of late that they chose take the bailout cash and the shamed their investors making the portions of the regular investors for all intents and purposes useless after the liquidation choice. The P/E proportion of Microsoft in contrast with GE obviously shows that the financial specialist network esteems Microsoft as a superior venture than GE. References Dun and Bradstreet (2011). Key Business Ratios. Recovered June 7, 2011 from Dun and Bradstreet database.

Sources Of Competitive Advantage Tourism Essay

Wellsprings Of Competitive Advantage Tourism Essay Abu Dhabi is the capital city and biggest out of the seven emirates of the UAE; it comprises for 85 of the UAEs all out land mass. It is home to a little more than 613,000 individuals. Be that as it may, it is the second biggest city after Dubai. Over the ongoing years, Abu Dhabi has developed into a universal conurbation. It is the focal point of the UAEs political and mechanical exercises. The city is additionally home to prime authorities, for example, the illustrious Emir Family and the United Arab Emirates focal, central government. Abu Dhabi is viewed as one of the universes biggest makers of oil and a pantheon for provincial trade. Abu Dhabi has been as of late investing gigantic exertion to effectively enhance it economy through numerous interests in budgetary administrations just as the travel industry division. From the travel industry point of view, Abu Dhabi is viewed as one of the universes most quickest developing the travel industry goals. Likewise, it is considered to be a city that offers its guests a chance to encounter a mix of culture-rich convention, innovation, experience, and articulate unwinding. Close by that, Abu Dhabi is additionally a spot where individuals can encounter tasteful magnificence both as far as the characteristic scenes and contemporary building plans. What's more, the Abu Dhabi International Airport has likewise been positioned among the best air terminals in the Middle East locale. Given its joyful sea shores, sumptuous lodgings, and comprehensive shopping experience, Abu Dhabi is a perfect goal for vacationers and guests. Goal Mission: Abu Dhabi has define long haul objectives as for its travel industry plans and needs. Remembering its underlying plans of advancement and supportability, the travel industry division in Abu Dhabi plans to accomplish certain key vital objectives throughout the following year. As per the Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority (ABTA), they are intending to on the whole structure a world class the travel industry goal (http://www.abudhabitourism.ae, 2012) by means of building up a broad scope of items that satisfy the requirements of their objective markets, and by building up some type of mindfulness with respect to their objective market and by making the important degree of capability in the commercial center. From our point of view, our main goal is to make an advertising plan that will advance Abu Dhabi as a remarkable and all inclusive perceived the travel industry goal. Abu Dhabis Competitive bit of leeway: As Abu Dhabi proceeds with its development, it has figured out how to increase upper hand a client base just as on an item/administration base and that is through upgrading the citys foundation to lessen traffic, manufacture a greater situation inviting city (Masdar City), and the greatest yet to come, the metro. Abu Dhabi mirrors a loose yet refined way of life. Its a bustling city and a significant business center yet keeps up a calm life not at all like Dubai which is the city that never dozes. Furthermore, it is all in accordance with Abu Dhabis vision. It has become the ideal occasion escape alongside delight with business where now an excursion for work can likewise mean a decent time for the family also. Wellsprings of upper hand: Etihad aviation routes UAEs second national bearer and one of the main honor winning aircraft, offering the best administrations for their clients and anticipating Abu Dhabis genuine accommodation. Having choice administrations in the flying business gives visitor their first best involvement with Abu Dhabi when they pick them as an approach to arrive. Experience: For these looking for a one of a kind flourishing encounter these are a portion of the activity while in Abu Dhabi: Yas Island: only 90 minutes from Dubai facilitating cutting edge inns, F1 races in Yas Marina Circuit, local location by the sea shore, and fun family time in Ferrari World. Find the opportunity to ride the track in Yas Marina Circuit. Abu Dhabi islands: Saadiyat Island if unwinding and resorts is the thing that you need, and Sir Bani Yas to investigate UAEs characteristic protect and biggest island, just as Delma Island, holding the Gulfs most significant pearl jumping focuses. Desert expand campaigns Helicopter visits Voyage visits Sports and Recreation: Sports sweethearts will have an extraordinary portion of energy in Abu Dhabi with some out of a large number of exercises for them to do, for example, Golf Water sports and cruising Engine Sports and karting Rough terrain driving Shooting Angling Jumping Pony riding Tennis; with Mubadalas World tennis title. Shopping: Shopping darlings and fashionistas will for sure have an extraordinary shopping involvement with Abu Dhabi and these are a portion of the spots and products they can look for: Best purchases and bartering Shopping centers Floor coverings Workmanship Middle Eastern and nearby trinkets (Sougha) Extravagance retail Customary markets and souks Gold adornments Culture and Heritage: An axiom is traded between individuals in the center east and to be explicit inside the Arabian Gulf district: one who doesnt have a past, doesnt not have a future, and from that point we assume the expressions of our late pioneers and visionaries to represent how the Emirates and Abu Dhabi to be careful makes its strides in developing and sprouting. Thus, Abu Dhabis legacy towns amusement park, and archeological locales in Sir Bani Yas delineate the UAEs rich culture and legacy. Other Amazing Must-See Sites: Masdar City and Masdar establishment: a spot on nearly everyones goals rundown to see the totally practical structure and condition agreeable city. The Grand Mosque: perhaps the biggest mosque including astonishing Islamic design. The terrific mosque has the ability to have 41,000 admirers, 82 arches, more than 1000 sections, 24 carat gold plated ceiling fixtures and the universes biggest hand hitched cover. Emirates Palace Al Ain Zoo Middle Eastern Wildlife park in Sir Bani Yas island Course Project Focus: In the course venture center we might want to move away from the clichã © of Abu Dhabi being a business center point just and home of international safe havens and offices, and go past that. Abu Dhabi is in reality significantly more than that. Its an excursion goal wherever you check out start with Abu Dhabis cornice to Al Ains Oasis city, and also the western locale of the Empty Quarter desert in Al Gharbia for the experience seekersâ [1]â . We will build a promoting plan to change our crowd impression of Abu Dhabi and addition more consideration and the travel industry engaging quality and shape the travel industry in Abu Dhabi, just as to meet the objective of Abu Dhabis Economic development vision in 2030. Segment 3: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Industry Analysis: For the UAE all in all, the travel industry segment had another great year in 2011, albeit yearly development in outside visitors eased back marginally to an expected 11.0%. BMI envisions a log jam in the division over the present moment, with development in appearances conjecture at about8% in 2012 (raised marginally this quarter). Development in guests from Europe to Dubai has been frail lately. Proceeding with good open doors exist for the UAE to misuse territorial the travel industry development, for example, from Saudi Arabia. The travel industry has additionally become a striking splendid spot for the development division. The latest figures for Abu Dhabi for January-July show the emirate invited 1.37mn lodging visitors, a 11% expansion over the comparing time frame in 2011. The previously prospering the travel industry division seems to have profited by the Arab Spring, with visitors pulled in away from different areas in the locale. Given the progressing shakiness, there is potential for the business to profit further in such manner. Yearly vacationer visits is required to ascend from 1.8 million guests in 2010 to 2.7 million by 2013 and to 7.5 million by 2030. Each part of the methodology moves in the direction of exhibiting Abu Dhabi as a selective, very good quality traveler goal where guests can participate in world-class business and unwind. SWOT Analysis: The travel industry IN ABU DHABI Condition Assessment Inner Qualities Base to countless driving enterprises on the planet Nearness of driving lavish lodgings Simple access worldwide because of nearness of Abu Dhabi Intl Airport All around spread out and blockage free roads Wide cluster of goals and occasions for a family occasion Shortcomings Does not have the gloss and marvelousness of neighboring Dubai Advancement and usage of ventures is moderate Doesn't provide food much towards youthful single grown-ups. Outside Openings Rising worldwide situation of the area Nearness of regular assets (oil) Regularly growing globalization Dangers Ascent of other oil states like Qatar and Kuwait Unsettling influences in the area Review of SWOT Analysis: The SWOT investigation summarizes the qualities and shortcomings of the travel industry of Abu Dhabi. The above table gives us that the travel industry in Abu Dhabi can possibly develop and get one of the biggest in the area. Being the Capital of the United Arab Emirates has made Abu Dhabi home to a large portion of the administrative centers of driving worldwide organizations in the area. The huge number of lavish inns makes Abu Dhabi a prime area to have business occasions and shows. Abu Dhabi takes into account families additionally by having an assortment of social goals just as those that oblige fun. The Ferrari world in Abu Dhabi, The up and coming Yas Waterpark, The Grand Prix and live performances, for example, Creamfields is a fascination that pulls in loads of fun looking for swarms. Abu Dhabi not at all like Dubai comes up short on certain excitement, with the travel industry and business not being the prime wellspring of salary, the usage of ventures is very moderate. Dub ai and other oil states in the MENA district are in this manner an opposition to Abu Dhabi that can't be overlooked. Rivalry: Rivalry for the travel industry in Abu Dhabi includes both nearby and worldwide level rivalry. At the neighborhood level, it faces intense rivalry for the most part from its kin Dubai the Las Vegas of the center east. Abu Dhabi has reported new eager the travel industry targets, supplemented by a US$30 million showcasing financial plan and colossal framework extends, a

College Neutral Topic Essay - How to Write a Good Essay

College Neutral Topic Essay - How to Write a Good EssayIf you want to write a college neutral topic essay you will need to think about how you can relate your topic to what has been covered by the professor during the previous subjects. You can also consider a whole new concept and make it seem fresh and new.With the introduction of the internet, the ability to research and find all the facts you need on the web is possible. The internet gives us the ability to use search engines to find what we are looking for and make sure it is found.Course material is one of the most important parts of college education. Although you may be instructed to complete all of your homework yourself, it is extremely helpful to have other students or mentors you can rely on when needed. What better way than to learn from someone who has already done the homework and knows the answer before you even ask them.To make sure you get all the basics and to understand the concepts, it is important to do some bas ic research on your topic before writing the paper. It is best to take note of the book that you read on your topic, in addition to visiting other sites to see if you can find any additional information that might be useful. By having all of the information at your fingertips, you will be able to get more accomplished in less time.In addition to making sure your essay is written well, it is also important to make sure it flows well and makes sense. You should always have a sense of logic and good writing when writing. You should try to come up with a way to make all of your points in a logical manner.You will need to be able to present a well written and logically organized argument that allows you to show proof that your facts are true and factual based studies and statistics. It is important tohave a well structured essay that you can put together without many problems. You should try to keep your readers on their toes with a good content writing style.Use the help of an English c ourse on the university campus to help you write your essay. They will be happy to show you the proper form of your essay and how to structure your arguments. This will give you the best chance of writing a good essay, whether you are writing to a college level or a high school level.Good essay writing skills are what you need to get through school and make it through any college or university level writing course. Once you learn how to write effectively, you will be able to write and create persuasive and attractive essays that will get the job done. The first step to the correct writing skills is learning how to properly format your essay so that you can tell the reader the right things and get the information across.

Music Is A Major Part Of Everyday Life - 1823 Words

Music is a major part of everyday life. There are not many people that do not listen to music. Music has been a gradual piece that has changed and evolved over time. From the beginning of time where only simple melodies where being played on instruments made of animal parts to present day where there is a mixture of visual representations and various melodies being played at once. This is all due to the contributions of many artists over the years. Some of these artists where most influential during the early 1700s around the time classic and baroque music were prevalent. Other artists like the ones today have been influenced by past composers. This is just a way that although there are many branches to music each artists influence and works can all be seen together under one big music family. One of the most well known and influential artists of the 1700s was Ludwig Van Beethoven. Beethoven was born on December 17th 1770 in Germany. His father was a musician for a court. During the 1700s top musicians played in courts meaning for the royals of the country. They were regarded as royalty and important people because they played for king and higher class people. It was said the Beethoven s father was an alcoholic, this caused him to be a violent stern man. He was very strict with his children. Beethoven s mother was the opposite. She was said to be a kind and gentle woman. Woman that loved and cared for her children. She was the opposite of her husband. Beethoven used toShow MoreRelatedModern Composers : John Cage1251 Words   |  6 PagesCage Music is a very peculiar term. Everyone knows what it is, yet there are different interpretations and definitions of what it means to them as seen from the varying styles of composers over time. In Beethoven’s case, music to him was an escape from reality and his greatest ally in cooperating with deafness. However, there are other composers who sought to think otherwise. John Cage is an exemplary modern composer who believed that music doesn’t need to make sense. He simply loved music for theRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Our Lives1234 Words   |  5 Pagesmany people, music is a significant part to their daily lives and its role varies depending on the individual. I personally use music as a form of escape from reality and a tool to help me focus in certain situations. Other use music as an entertainer, an energizer, a coping mechanism or even as a stimulant. Due to this, music is able to play a developmental role in creating one’s identity. In 2007, Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic and Adrian Furnham, studied how 21st century listeners use music in their dailyRead MoreThe Treasures Of The Musical Heritage965 Words   |  4 Pages In ancient Greek societies, music was definitely one of the most consequential ways of utterance in their societies. Greek mythology glorifies the richness and variety of the Greek music and instruments in many legends. Music was a way for Greeks themselves, to exemplify their religious rituals and traditions. We can have an idea of the impacts music had, in all aspects of their lives. Music was a part of many events, rituals, and even played huge rolls in education. This essay will look at theRead MoreThe Romantic And Classic Ages Of European Music1015 Words   |  5 PagesMusic is widely considered to be the least rational of the arts, and thus the one least openly associated with fundamentals of the outside world; all the same, musicians of considerable significance have been both consciously and subconsciously molded by the environment in which they reside and as such they may interpret and bring the world to life in the language of music. The Romantic and Classic ages of Europ ean music can be simply put as the period of time between the deaths of Ludwig Van BeethovenRead MoreThe Era Of Music During Beethoven And Dido And Aeneas By Henry Purcell768 Words   |  4 PagesMusic is a crucial part of life. Conducting, composing, or listening to music are things most people do everyday. Music exposes feelings and portrays a part of history. Listeners enjoy different genres. They may like music of different tempos or dynamics. Many composers may only focus on one instrument to perfect. Regardless of taste or need for music, it is all important. Two of the important pieces learned in the beginning music class are Symphony No. 5 in C minor by Beethoven and Dido and AeneasRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Music1490 Words   |  6 PagesMusic Itself Does Not Distract You Music is prevalent, so that it is extremely easy to find a place or situation with music played on. Not only does people enjoy music when they dance or sing, throw parties, but also they enjoy music when they drive, study or work. In other words, people live with music and music is an everyday thing. They, contrarily, think that the pieces of music are distractors when they need to concentrate on their works. This is why, especially, most of parents and teachersRead MoreThe Power of Music Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Music is enough for a lifetime, but a lifetime is not enough for music.† These were the words of Sergei Rachmaninoff, a Russian composer and pianist who was very influential in the twentieth century. Sergei’s perception of music was accurate because he understood the impact and significance music can have. Everybody knows what music is and they all have heard a form of it but most people underestimate the value and power music has in our everyday li ves. Whether they know it or not music plays aRead MoreBenefits of Music Essay1038 Words   |  5 PagesMusic â€Å"Music is enough for a lifetime, but a lifetime is not enough for music.† These were the words of Sergei Rachmaninoff, a Russian composer and pianist who was very influential in the twentieth century. Sergei had a very accurate perception of music and he understood the significance that music has. For some people, music is the center of their lives and it is the foundation on how they live. Everybody knows what music is and they all have heard a form of it but most people underestimateRead MoreThe events of the 1930’s, or the Great Depression, did the most to influence contemporary America.900 Words   |  4 Pagesdecline in the economy changed Americans everyday lives. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president and he created the New Deal to provide relief, recovery and reform. The Depression impacted America in the 1930’s in every aspect of life and still impacts America today. Although contemporary America was shaped by many events that occurr ed in the 20th century, America was most influenced by the 1930’s because of legislation that improved daily life during the Depression, the effects on theRead More Cyberpunk Definitional Paper1076 Words   |  5 Pagesto spot when one is reading it. The cyberpunk writing movement started out with many short stories then became recognizable to the masses with probably the movements most successful novel, entitled Neuromancer. William Gibsons novel was the first major work to get recognized from this category, it seemed to set the precedence of what cyberpunk included, and what a piece of writing needed to have to get labeled cyberpunk. Cyberpunk does not define the works that are in it, rather, the works define

Everyone Wins When Birth Control is Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 831 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Planned Parenthood Essay Did you like this example? According to the article, Everyone Wins When Birth Control Is Free the author states, If youre a fiscal conservative who wants fewer abortions and more self-sufficient citizens, why dont you support the government providing access to free birth control(Laura Chapin). Depending on an individuals health insurance prices are different, rather you qualify for Medicaid or government programs. Birth control pills can cost between $0-$50 for most brands that are one pill pack that usually last a month.The Affordable Care Act allows individuals to get free or pay a low amount for birth control pills. For those who do not have health insurance also have options. Such as income and legal status in the U.S. that may allow them to qualify for assistances. The individuals that can not afford to purchase birth control have assistance with Planned parenthood. They assist with a federal funding program by the name Title x (10) a supplement birth control program GYN care for health care services that can not pay the full price. It also grants the right for family planning services so that families with no income can get reduced rates. The riot regarding free birth control pills is mainly the cost and having access to it. All health care services should provide all birth control free for patients; this will reduce abortions and unintended pregnancies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Everyone Wins When Birth Control is Free" essay for you Create order Abortion is a medical or surgical way to end an existing pregnancy. In the article, Free Birth Control Leads to Fewer Abortions, the author states, Free birth control led to dramatically lower rates of abortions and teen births (Free Birth Control Leads to Fewer Abortion). Many poor women and others who did not have insurance were given a choices between the birth control pill, IUD, or matchstick sized implant with no charge. The pill is a medicine you take everyday while, the IUD and matchstick sized implant can last up to 3 to 5 years and is inserted into your body. When birth control was free for these women they immediately took advantage of this and got some form of birth control. There was also lower abortion rates when this medication was free due to medical insurances and health benefits. If the program increased, one abortion could be prevented for every 79 to 137 women given a free choice of birth control. Although, having no cost birth control helps decrease birth control, it also decreases unintended pregnancies. An unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that is unwanted, the best way to prevent this is to use some type of birth control and also use protection. According to the article, Unintended Pregnancy Prevention the author states, Unintended pregnancy mainly results from not using contraception, or inconsistent or incorrect use of effective contraceptive methods (US Department of Health Human Services). Many pregnancy around the world are unintended due to not being on some form of birth control because of its expenses.Women that have unintended pregnancy delay prenatal care and could risk problems for the baby and the mom. Pregnancies that were unintended was the highest among teenagers, to improve unintended pregnancy, contraception should free to everyone. In the article, Declines in Teen Pregnancy Risk Entirely Driven by Improved Contraceptive Use, the author states, Improvement in contraceptive use have led a drop in the risk of pregnancy among U.S adolescents aged 15-19 (Rebecca Wind). Many teenager became pregnant because they had trouble getting birth control or their partner did not want to use contraceptives. Increasing the use of contraceptive improves teen pregnancy and the rates has decreased over the years. Teens increased use of contraceptive indicates their increase in protecting themselves from unexpected pregnancies. These increases in use of contraceptive has driven the recent declines in abortion rates and unintended pregnancies. Many people think that birth control should not be free to all patients. I see where you are coming from but not all patients insurance cover birth control. Birth control costs between $0-100 for people who health insurance do not cover these expenses, depending on the type of birth control you and your doctor agree to use. Many females cant afford to pay for birth control monthly. Females who cannot afford birth control risk getting pregnant and sometimes get an abortion because they are not financially stable for a child. This is another reason as to why birth control should be free to all patients and this will also decrease unintended pregnancies and abortion rates will soon decrease. Increasing the use of birth control will reduce abortion rates and unintended pregnancies. Some health care providers do not cover birth control, therefore patients has to pay these expenses out of pocket and sometimes cant afford them. Many patients that cannot pay for these expenses become pregnant without trying and sometime get an abortion because they are not stable enough for a child. Many teens has the highest rate of unexpected pregnancies due to not being on birth control. Birth control should be free to everyone to decrease abortion and unintended pregnancy rates.

Analysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle - 811 Words

Muckrakers were journalists, novelists, professors, and public intellectuals who voiced their Progressive ideas, brought exposure to the living conditions of American workers and political corruption present throughout the era. Their name of muckraker was given by President Roosevelt in a speech depicting them as people who were interested in only raking the filth with a muckrake in their hands. He supported their exposure of issues but no in the way in which they did them which he often saw as irresponsible. It was very much due to the muckrakers’ success that the general public became supportive of progressive issues. One of the most famous muckrakers was Upton Sinclair. He was best known for publishing The Jungle which uncovered the atrocities of the meat packing industry. He was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Throughout his upbringing, he was able to experience the way both the poor and rich lived because of his parents and grandparents, respectively. He later wen t on to study law at the university level but stopped in order to work on his writing. Upton Sinclair disguised himself and went undercover for seven weeks in the year of 1904. He entered the meatpacking industry as an everyday worker and observed the conditions of the meatpacking industry. He began work at one of the factories in Chicago’s slum district known as â€Å"Packingtown†. His main purpose was to expose these horrible conditions while also showing how poor Americans and immigrants lived duringShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Upton Sinclair s The Jungle 2028 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"I aimed for the public’s hearts, and by accident I hit it in the stomach.† This quote was in response to the reaction of Upton Sinclair’s ground breaking exposà ©, â€Å"The Jungle†. On February 26, 1906 Sinclair shocked the Nation by exposing the horrors of slaughter houses and meat packing plants. Thousands of people have died from food-borne illness es. E-coli, along with other diseases resulting from filthy food processing was revealed as the murderer. As shocking as it might have been back thenRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle1989 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Haitians. Upton Sinclair seemed to have a similar view of the Lithuanian immigrants of the 1800s. Upton Sinclair is the author of The Jungle, a book that follows a family of Lithuanian immigrants as they travel to and try to make their way in America. Sinclair used the book to speak out about the issues of America through the eyes of immigrants, including the economic system and the corruption within the government. The question this paper is required to answer is if Upton Sinclair adequately portrayedRead MoreThe Jungle : Social Criticism And Realism1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jungle, due to its strong social criticism and realism in portrayal of social issues evident in the given period of time, put Sinclair at the center of radical social movement that was held b y its members to resist the acceleration of total capitalism in early 20th century in America, the period that was identified as the â€Å"Progressive Era.† The main purpose of those movements was aimed at bringing the awareness of public through literature about the dominance of political elites who gained aRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States3647 Words   |  15 Pagescapitalistic businesses of the time period. One muckraker, Upton Sinclair, proposed the solution of a socialist society for America in his book, The Jungle, in order to destroy the power given to large, private businesses. This essay will first provide background information about the corruption in America’s capitalist system, the concept of the American Dream, and Upton Sinclair. The essay will then provide a brief summary of Upton Sinclair’s book, The Jungle, which was written to criticize the concept of theRead MoreJungle Paper, Social Justice4076 Words   |  17 PagesIM PRESSIONS OF THE JUNGLE FROM A SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE Impressions of the Jungle From a Social Justice Perspective The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Sherree Boyce Lehman College Author Note This paper was prepared for Social Welfare Institutions and Program, SWK, 639, Section 81, taught by Professor Yvonne Johnson The novel, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair depicts the lives of poor immigrants in the United States during the early 1900’s. Sinclair is extremely effectiveRead More Sinclair Lewis and Babbitt2178 Words   |  9 PagesSinclair Lewis and Babbitt      Ã‚  Ã‚   The book under analysis herein is Sinclair Lewis Babbitt.   The copy I am using in this research is published by Harcourt, Brace World, Inc., New York, 1950.   The original version was published in 1922, but there is no information in this book regarding what printing or edition it may be.   This edition encompasses thirty four chapters which span 401 pages in length as they are printed here.   One interesting note is that the novel is dedicated to Edith WhartonRead MoreImmigrant Worker Ethics Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pagesrecommendations of the HRW. I will provide my opinion and consider some of the utilitarian and deontological considerations, and conclude this report with a brief summary of the entire analysis, highlighting some of the most significant parts that the report contains HISTORY â€Å"In 1906, Upton Sinclairs novel The Jungle uncovered harrowing conditions inside Americas meat packing plants and initiated a period of transformation in the nations meat industry. The Pure Food and Drug Act and the FederalRead MoreThe Period Between Reconstruction And World War I1811 Words   |  8 Pagesmeans to be an American and the dynamic between the American individual and American society. The differing answers to these questions created both divisions and unifications between different races, classes, and political parties. Through careful analysis of historical documents from the period, it is evident that society owes all individuals basic civil rights and the ability to make a living through harnessing their skills in the workplace. Conversely, the individual owes society work that benefitsRead MoreEssay about Negative Stereotypes of Vegetarianism2617 Words   |  11 Pagesof time it was considered a staple for some. However, meat eaters started to pay attention t o what they were consuming once Upton Sinclair’s famous novel The Jungle was published in the early 1930’s. It drew so much attention that the Pure Food and Drug Act passed to prevent the unsanitary and hazardous practices mentioned in The Jungle from happening. However, before Upton Sinclair’s novel was published few were already recognizing the ethical and nutritional (in this time period) hazards that happenedRead MoreEnglish All Semester 26504 Words   |  27 Pagesin the same bed until her death. * * 5.04Upton Sinclair Respond to the following in complete, well-developed sentences. 1. Upton Sinclair was called a muckraker. How did Sinclair muckrake for social reform? Upton Sinclair â€Å"muckrake† for social reform, by reporting the horrible conditions women, men, and children were working in, he dedicated himself to uncovering the ill conditions of the meat industries. 2. Sinclair was convinced .... through art one could cause change.

Synthesis Essay free essay sample

She was a child who would â€Å"lie under trees† and hide â€Å"in the treetops† with her friends (1, 9th line and 2, 18th line). This girl had an active, happy, and social upbringing, despite living on a reserve. As a child she couldn’t have been any happier. The girl and her friends would â€Å"laugh at teachers and tourists† who thought of their bush as â€Å"forests or woods† because those â€Å"were places of fairy tale text† (3, lines 1-6). As a child, the girl did not understand the view of the outsiders. For them the reserves have been stereotyped as horrible places. Keeshig-Tobias has shown us that the negative stereotypes that surround Native American reserves should be taken with a grain of salt. Stereotypes are found in every facet of life, even in the traditional American family farm. In Trainer’s poem the child â€Å"was never afraid of the night†, and would â€Å"sit on the farmhouse step (and) count 5 up from the Big Dipper to find the smaller one. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The one with the bent handle† (lines 1-5). When one thinks of a family farm thoughts of wholesome values come to mind, not one of a child using the night sky as an escape from their reality. The child says, â€Å"nobody throws the stars† â€Å"even the spaces belong† (lines 18, 20) for the only peace the child will find lies far away from the family farm. Like the previous poem, this one too shares the common theme of confronting stereotypes, except in this case, not so lightheartedly. Both poets have used irony to defy two common stereotypes. Although stereotypes have been formed from previous experiences and events, one should never take pre-conceived notions lightly into any engagement. No matter how hard one may try, stereotypes have been programmed into our brains, the same as our hunger for food.

Issues at Uber

Executive Summary Undoubtedly, Uber is a game changer in the global taxi industry. However, two major issues emanating from poor governments’ regulations or lack of thereof and hostility from traditional taxi drivers pose serious operational risks to Uber. Nevertheless, Uber will survive and perhaps focus on technologies that are more advanced such as driverless cars to cut costs.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Issues at Uber specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction of Uber Uber is one of the service tech startups to have obtained a global appeal with only six years in operation. The company has penetrated the world market due to its ability to narrow the gap that has been there in the transportation industry, especially in the world cities. Currently, it operates in 58 countries and has great potential for growth. Uber, which uses apps, aims at connecting drivers to clients and, thus, making mo vements within cities more efficient. Uber International Inc. provides its services in collaboration with drivers who own private cars. The company creates and runs apps, which clients use to request curbs. Drivers then collect clients and ferry them to their desired destinations. Clients make payments using their credit cards, a method that is more appealing than the use of cash. Uber collects the transportation fees (about 20%-30%) and pays its drivers. A management team, which is competent and conversant with technological dynamics and changes in public transport, heads the company. Their major role is to scan for market niches in cities’ transportation industries. The team then comes up with possible solutions. With great emphasis on values such as innovation and best talents, Uber has grown rapidly. Consequently, the team has set higher and greater goals like having self-driven cars to enhance efficiency transportation further. Uber’s core competence Though the ta xi industry is quite competitive, Uber has services that are seemingly ahead of others. One of these aspects is the comprehensive approach, and the view it has on city transport. Using a combination of smartphone supported apps, GPS trackers, rating apps and online payment, the company has made quiet formidable work in creating core competence. The ability to provide services to wide and varied markets has also given the company a competitive advantage. Uber has a global customer base alongside services that can easily be provided by any contracted drivers. Uber offers customer- oriented services. That is, the customer tends to have added benefits. Customers opt for Uber because of convenience relative to regular taxi.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Uber has an edge over their competitors due to the type of employees it possesses. From the CEO, the top management to ju nior employees, Uber has a team that is visionary, innovative and aggressive with a focus on the global market. The annual rating of employees uses scores that have a direct influence on their compensation, bonus awarded and future referrals. This compels the employees to give their best and achieve greater success. Competitive Uber is ranked among the most valuable, aggressive startups globally. The company has achieved its competitive edge through its abilities to recruit and retain talented employees who are mainly innovative, talented executives and software engineers. For instance, Uber recently poached an expert from Google to enhance its mapping and geospatial capabilities. The company has gained its competitive edge from technology. The company did not have to create every technology it relies on deliver services. Instead, Uber has harnessed the power of mapping, location, optimization for closet drivers, payment services, and feedback and rating services to create competiti ve advantage, which its competitors, traditional taxi failed to exploit. The company did not have to invent new technologies but leveraged cloud to gain access to them. The company is not restricted with the taxi medallion system, but it relies on a global fleet of cars of willing drivers with minimal investments. The company controls costs because it does not have full time drivers. Users can opt in and out at their own convenience. Distinctive The company also leverages smartphone and mobile capabilities to create distinctive advantage. Mobile technology has disrupted many sectors, including traditional banks and taxi industry. Before the introduction of Uber, the taxi industry enjoyed relative calm. Uber focused on taxi business but with greater convenience to customers. Uber continues to revamp its mobile app based on user reviews and ratings. Consequently, the power of mobile technology has given the company few distinct advantages over its competitors. First, Uber is known for fast and reliable ride commanding based on GPS and mapping solutions. Second, Uber uses mobile payment for user convenience and simplicity. Finally, user rating and feedback are used to improve experiences.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Issues at Uber specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sustainable Competition has intensified for Uber. For instance, new players such as Lyft, Flywheel and Sidecar have emerged based on the mobile on-demand taxi services. Some of these firms run on mobile ridesharing platforms. They are major competitors for Uber. Financials For fierce critics of Uber, its current valuation is wrong. For investors, the company recently recorded an operating loss of about $470 million with revenue of $415 million. However, the loss could be justified because Uber has become a global firm within few years after its launch. Thus, it is extremely early to claim that the business model is not susta inable. Overall, Uber will have to appeal to many customers and drivers to increase revenue stream. Legality Legal challenges are threats to sustainability of Uber. Globally, the company must deal with governments’ regulations and protesting traditional taxi operators. Thus, these challenges limit Uber’s ability to transform the global taxi market. Taxi drivers claim that Uber operates outside regulations on pricing and city by-laws and, therefore, it presents unfair competition. In France, India, the Philippines, South Korea, the Netherlands, and Belgium among other countries, for instance, Uber must contend with crackdowns on its drivers while many accidents have been blamed on its unlicensed, inexperienced drivers. Thus, such lawsuits come with legal and reputational costs. The UN Women, for instance, had to pull out of a deal with the company citing privacy, safety, and legal issues. Given these challenges notwithstanding Uber’s rapid expansion and disruptio n in the global market, it is still difficult to determine the sustainability of its business model. Thus, it might also be difficult for Uber to maintain competitive edge. Key trends to affect Uber in the coming years Court decisions Uber is most like to face several court rulings, which are most likely to be both favorable and unfavorable globally. California and Florida, for instance, rejected Uber’s claim that its drivers were independent contractors.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Uber also refers to itself as a tech firm with the sole purpose of connecting passengers and drives. This model will favor it in new markets while avoiding laws and regulations on labor relations. With such rulings on drivers being employees, Uber must meet minimum labor requirements, including wages. Alternative, Uber may close its operations in hostile cities, states and nations. Taxes Governments currently are confused on how to handle tech startups because there are no adequate laws and regulations to account for their operations, taxation, and labor relations among others. Many governments now want Uber to pay taxes based on its revenues. As such, Uber may be forced to increase costs of ride in the affected cities. Uber Drivers face Risks The so-called independent contractors face constant police harassment and hostility from other taxi drivers. Some countries have outright banned Uber, others call for stringent regulations while others refer to the carpool app as illegal. Furt her, some airport authorities do not want Uber drivers while others have introduced access fees, which ultimate increase costs of operations. Rapid globally expansion Internationally, Uber will have to face some operational risks such as competition, for instance, in India where taxis could be many relative to other regions. In China, Tencent – a tech firm reputable for imitation, has already copied Uber business model through its Didi Dache app while also leveraging mobile phone payment. Thus, competition will erase Uber’s competitive edge. Uber in the next ten years Uber is most likely to survive once regulations are adopted. Consequently, Uber will focus on driverless cars in the future to cut operating costs while leveraging better technologies that would be available by then. Meanwhile, the company must contend with poorly defined government regulations and hostility from other taxi operators. References Alspach, K. (2014). Why Uber—and whatever is coming n ext—is really about the rise of APIs. The Boston Globe.  Web. Hyder, Y. (2014). Uber’s Evolution: From San Francisco to International Disruption. Information Technology Solutions. Web. Lee, D. (2015). Is Uber’s Growth Sustainable? The Market Mogul. Web. Marshall, J. (2014). Understanding the Economics of Uber. Web. Uber. (2015). The Company. Web. Wingard, J. (2015). What Uber is getting right that other startups aren’t. Fortune. Web. This coursework on Issues at Uber was written and submitted by user Benson L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on John Updike’s Araby And James Joyce’s A&P

when describing his lover’s legs when expressing them as "long white prima-donna legs" (Updike 27). Another important detail used in this particular story is the use of color, which has more underlying layers than only looking at the color, green, worn by one girl, as only being just another color. According to Updike, he used the color green because it can be looked at in different ways, from meaning â€Å"go,† as in a traffic light, or having a connotation of â€Å"money.† From looking at the color in this deeper meaning, the girls, by wearing green,... Free Essays on John Updike’s Araby And James Joyce’s A&P Free Essays on John Updike’s Araby And James Joyce’s A&P A young adolescent boy, who is lovesick for a girl, does not want to be let down nor disappointed. Unfortunately, this is exactly what occurs in two famous short stories. Both Updike’s A&P and Joyce’s Araby provide a similar theme that conveys a boy’s infatuation for a girl and the hardships he has to go through, in order to acquire more experience in the complicated area of love. These passions that are in both stories are presented through the use of detail and the intentions of both protagonists to capture the heart of the girl of their dreams. In short stories or novels, detail is mostly always an important characteristic. However, the same two stories can be looked at in opposite views due to a difference in detail. In Araby and A&P, detail has a large influence when comparing the two stories. From the narration of a teenager, as in A&P, to the telling by a more mature and wiser man in Araby, these two use detail to help the reader have a better understanding and become more emotionally involved in the story. Because the narration of Updike’s A&P is told by a young boy, the words used in description are obviously that of an obsessed teenager boy and his fantasies towards the opposite sex. The mind of the protagonist of the story, Sammy, is focused on the female characters in the story, but mostly on one specific girl. Sammy uses a very graphic choice of words when describing his lover’s legs when expressing them as "long white prima-donna legs" (Updike 27). Another important detail used in this particular story is the use of color, which has more underlying layers than only looking at the color, green, worn by one girl, as only being just another color. According to Updike, he used the color green because it can be looked at in different ways, from meaning â€Å"go,† as in a traffic light, or having a connotation of â€Å"money.† From looking at the color in this deeper meaning, the girls, by wearing green,...

African american racial status in the 21st century Essay

African american racial status in the 21st century - Essay Example Racism has been a curse for the American society from its birth in 1751. It has stained the nation’s identity with the African-American’s blood for years until the Civil War in **** and the 13th Amendment. Though the 13th Amendment in the US constitution was a resistive response of the most progressive and conscientious part of the US society to the barbaric practice of slavery, slavery had not been wiped out from the society overnight. Racism was so much deep rooted in an American’s heart that the enactments of anti-slavery laws and the relevant amendments in the US Constitution were merely to redirect a racial mind to find alternatives for white superiority over the Black. Indeed the amended Constitution provided the legal safeguard to the Black, barring the practice of slavery at the state level as well as, to the extent the state could interfere into the public affairs. But it could do nothing to bring about the changes in the culture and the society that int rinsically nourished the racial hostility against their former slaves. The inbred racism in the Americans’ heart continues to discriminate between the White and the Black until today. Therefore the 14th and 15th Amendment with along with numerous other subsidiary laws and government-induced initiatives has been required to wipe out the remainders of racism from the American society. But the question whether racism and discrimination against the African-American black have been wiped out from the society may engender a lot of debates since the question itself is ambiguous. Inbred Racism and Racism in the Heart of America A close analysis of the status of racism in American society in the late 20th century and the 21st century will reveal that America has been significantly successful in wiping out the all the institutional and constitutional racisms. But non-formal and non-institutional racisms still are prevailing in the society. In this regard, Saeed Shahbaazz says, â€Å"A CNN/Opinion Research Corp. poll, released in December 2006, stated that most Americans, White and Black, see racism as a lingering problem in the United States.† (1). Though racisms at institutional levels are discernible, at non-institutional level they remain out of the reach of the public eye. These non-institutional racisms at the private level are be found by close observational or empirical research. In this paper I will discuss the findings of two such empirical research papers on inbred and institutional racisms. Discussion about the new form of Racism in the 21st Century Racism at the less the private level has been revealed in various researches that were led in the 21st century’s context. One such research article is â€Å"A Fly in the Buttermilk† by Devis et al. In their article, â€Å"â€Å"A Fly in the Buttermilk†: Descriptions of University Life by Successful Black Undergraduate Students at a Predominately White Southeastern Universityâ₠¬  Davis et al explores deep into the self-realization -from the student’s perspective- of a non-white minority student about his or her position among the white majority. The title of their study explicitly asserts the concerns of the Successful Black Undergraduate Students with their University Life among white majority. The researchers prudently selected 11 black students as the participants of their study. Davis et al’s purposed selection of the successful participants can be justified on the pointed that information and experiences provided by the participants would remain free of any fear of being discriminated. The participants were chosen ensuring the following conditions: a. successful students were chosen, because they experienced the full, 2. successful students would be free of being the victim of racial discrimination academically, 3. these students would be able to track any change during their four or five years graduation. Devis et al’s research shows that even in the 21st centur

What is Socrates' argument against Crito in the argument of the same Essay

What is Socrates' argument against Crito in the argument of the same name Is it persuasive why or why not - Essay Example Crito gets to the prison where Socrates was serving time with a plan hatched to break Socrates out of prison. It is after learning about this that a debate ensues on the justification of Socrates escape (Anton 73) In his argument, Socrates fronts that while the sentencing he received was wrong to begin with, it got reached through a legitimate process. In his thinking, Socrates was of the idea that the trial he got subjected to got done according to the law, he had the chance to defend himself against the allegations, and the verdict got passed by citizens. The matter at hand in this argument was whether content justice, which refers to getting the best result, overrules procedural justice that is following the laid down procedure, or vice versa (Anton 74). Socrates states in his argument that we have to pick whether the law enabled social peace is more vital than an innocent man’s life. Socrates is of the idea that social peace, which gets enabled by the law, is superior to his innocence. In building his case, Socrates puts forward a paternalistic claim stating that since the laws enabled his dad to marry his mother, he considered the law as his parents. He also states that the laws ordered his parents to take him to school. As such, he is both a slave and offspring of law. Socrates feels that he owes the law similar unconditional obedience that slaves owe to their owners and children owe to their parents (Anton 75). Socrates conclusion is that an injustice cannot be made right by another injustice. In this effect, the wrong conviction he had been given would not be made right by escaping prison. Socrates chooses to remain in the confines of his cell as a result of his unwavering belief and faith in Greek law, which he acknowledges awarded him the opportunity to lead a fulfilling life, and attain extensive knowledge (Anton 75). In his thinking, without

The Marketing Plan Of Yamaha

The Marketing Plan Of Yamaha Introduction India Yamaha Motor Private Limited. Yamaha made its initial foray into India in 1985. Subsequently, it entered into a 50:50 joint-venture with the Escorts Group in 1996. However, in August 2001, Yamaha acquired its remaining stake becoming a 100% subsidiary of Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd, Japan (YMC). In 2008, Mitsui Co., Ltd. entered into an agreement with YMC to become a joint-investor in the motorcycle manufacturing company India Yamaha Motor Private Limited (IYM). IYM operates from its state-of-the-art manufacturing units at Surajpur in Uttar Pradesh and Faridabad in Haryana and produces motorcycles for both domestic and export markets. With a strong workforce of more than 2,000 employees, IYM is highly customer-driven and has a countrywide network of over 400 dealers. Presently, its product portfolio includes VMAX (1,679cc), MT01 (1,670cc), YZF-R1 (998cc),YZF-R15 (150cc), Fazer (153cc), FZ-S (153cc), FZ16 (153cc), SZ SZ-X (153cc), SS125 (123cc), YBR 125 (123cc), YBR 110 (106cc) and Crux (106cc). . Vision They will establish YAMAHA as the exclusive trusted brand of customers by creating Kando (touching their hearts) the first time and every time with world class products services delivered by people having passion for customers. .Mission/Objectives They are committed to: Be the Exclusive Trusted Brand renowned for marketing and manufacturing of YAMAHA products, focusing on serving their customer where they can build long term relationships by raising their lifestyle through performance excellence, proactive design innovative technology. Their innovative solutions will always exceed the changing needs of their customers and provide value added vehicles. Build the Winning Team with capabilities for success, thriving in a climate for action and delivering results. Their employees are the most valuable assets and they intend to develop them to achieve international level of professionalism with progressive career development. As a good corporate citizen, they will conduct their business ethically and socially in a responsible manner with concerns for the environment. Grow through continuously innovating their business processes for creating value and knowledge across their customers thereby earning the loyalty of their partners increasing their stakeholder value. .Customer no.1 They put customers first in everything they do. They take decisions keeping the customer in mind. Challenging Spirit They strive for excellence in everything they do and in the quality of goods services they provide. They work hard to achieve what they commit achieve results faster than their competitors and they never give up. Team-work They work cohesively with their colleagues as a multi-cultural team built on trust, respect, understanding mutual co-operation. Everyones contribution is equally important for their success. Frank Fair Organization They are honest, sincere, open minded, fair transparent in their dealings. They actively listen to others and participate in healthy frank discussions to achieve the organizations goals/objectives. India Yamaha Motor Limited, known for its strong focus on the urban market in the country, has decided to go for a strategic shift in its business move. The two-wheeler player which is only a fringe player in the countrys rural market, which accounts for only 15% of its overall sales, intends to tap this market in a big way. YBR 110, the latest bike from the Yamaha stable to have been launched in India, will target the rural markets. As of that time, Yamaha Crux is the companys best seller in the rural market due to its good quality, long life engine and high mileage. Rural markets are the growth drivers for any company and they are no different. Yamaha has already penetrated into the entry level segment and has been successful in all its ventures. To tap this potential segment, they are focusing on increasing their network strength in tier-2 and tier-3 cities and increasing their sub-dealers in rural areas,, national business head, India Yamaha Motor Limited told Business Standard.Yamaha Crux is doing very well in the domestic and overseas market. Adding to this is their new launch YBR 110 which will definitely target the rural markets, add to their sales numbers and increase their presence in the rural areas. They expect to grow more and improve their performance in rural India, Yamaha is wary of competition from the well entrenched players but hopes to counter the competition through its unique product offering. They dont see any direct competition between Yamahas offerings and other companies. The Indian biking market is undergoing a complete transformation in terms of both product offering and customer preferences. Today, the Indian biker is driven by technology and style and Yamaha products perfectly fit the bill. Though Yamaha has a 12% market share in the deluxe bike segment, it is still a marginal player in the countrys two-wheeler market with a meagre share of 3.5%. Yamaha Motor Corp will invest about $200 million in its Indian unit over three years as it completes a third plant, which will ramp up capacity to 1 million units. For the coming three years, they think they will invest 7-8 billion rupees ($178-203 million), Takashi Kajikawa, president and CEO of Yamaha Motor, told a news conference at the India Auto Expo. Theyre looking at getting double-digit growth. They should touch 10% (market share) by 2010. By end-2010, Yamaha will complete its third plant in India, on the outskirts of New Delhi, and raise capacity to 1 million bikes annually. The company is targeting a share of 10% by the end of 2012. Yamaha has seen a fall in its sales in India, with April-December 2007 figures half of those for the corresponding period of 2006, part of a general decline in bike sales in India brought about by rising financing costs. They were focussing on rural market but by rising financing costs the sales and demand has seen a great fall. Their products enter in the declining stage. Product Declining Stage A reduction in product demand and sales occurs either slowly or rapidly, depending on the type of product provided to consumers, thus causing the product to enter the decline stage. A Sale decline may be due to technological advances, shifts in consumer tastes, or increased competition. Management can choose to continue to market the product (also known as maintaining the product), harvesting the product by reducing overhead costs such as RD in the hopes of continued sales of the product. As this the demand and sales of Yamaha bikes were reducing in India because people wants premium and deluxe products and Yamaha emphasis on value for money. So the sales of Yamaha bikes were drastically declining in Indian market . Sales always decline in this stage. Understanding the decline stage will help us to keep our product producing sales longer. In the decline stage of the marketing product development cycle, product owners lower or discontinue marketing efforts and expenses. The trick is for lower marketing efforts of them while competitors discontinue theirs. Similarly, if we continue to sell our product while our competitors pull their products from the market, we can squeeze out the last few sales for our product. Marketing Product Life Cycle Why Sales Decline Sales decline during this stage of the marketing product life cycle because: the market has become saturated, the technology has become obsolete, or the trend creating the demand has ended. The result is that unless our product is perishable or consumable, few customers still want or need our product. Market segmentation can enable us to find those few customers and to out-market our competitors to get those customers purchases. Marketing Product Life Cycle Using Marketing Research Can Slow Decline To continue making enough sales to earn a profit, we need to use market research to determine: how much you need to lower prices, which distribution outlets we should use at this stage, and how our other products can benefit from brand marketing from our declining product. Just as we want our child to have a long life and live well into senior years, we want our product to extend its life through the decline stage of the marketing product life cycle. Market segmentation can provide extended life to our product by revealing the last remnants of customers needing the product and by discovering new uses for our product. So we can increase our profits through this final stage of the marketing product life cycle. Product Development Meaning- The overall process of strategy, organization, concept generation, product and marketing plan creation and evaluation, and commercialization of a new product Innovative new products are the fuel for the most powerful growth engine we can connect to. If we decide to develop new products as part of our growth plan, were in good company. New product development can be described as a five-stage process, beginning with generating ideas and progressing to marketing completed products. In between are processes where we evaluate and screen product ideas, take steps to protect your ideas, and finalize design in an RD stage. Following are details on each stage: Generating ideas -Generating ideas consists of two parts: creating an idea and developing it for commercial sale. There are many good techniques for idea creation, including brainstorming, random association and even daydreaming. We may want to generate a long list of ideas and then whittle them down to a very few that appear to have commercial appeal. Evaluating and screening product ideas- Everybody likes their own ideas, but that doesnt mean others will. When we are evaluating ideas for their potential, its important to get objective opinions. For help with technical issues, many companies take their ideas to testing laboratories, engineering consultants, product development firms, and university and college technical testing services. When it comes to evaluating an ideas commercial potential, many entrepreneurs use the Preliminary Innovation Evaluation System (PIES) technique. This is a formal methodology for assessing the commercial potential of inventions and innovations. Protecting your ideas- If we think weve come up with a valuable idea for a new product, we should take steps to protect it. Most people who want to protect ideas think first of patents. There are good reasons for this. For one thing, we will find it difficult to license our idea to other companies, should we wish to do so, without patent protection. However, getting a patent is a lengthy, complicated process, and one we shouldnt embark on without professional help; this makes the process expensive. If we wish to pursue a patent for our ideas, contact a registered patent attorney or patent agent. Many firms choose to protect ideas using trade secrecy. This is simply a matter of keeping knowledge of their ideas, designs, processes, techniques or any other unique component of their creation limited to thereself or a small group of people. Most trade secrets are in the areas of chemical formulas, factory equipment, and machines and manufacturing processes. The formula for Coca-Cola is one of the best-recognized and most successful trade secrets. Finalizing design research and development- Research and development is necessary for refining most designs for new products and services. As the owner of a growing company, we are in a good position when it comes to this stage. Most independent inventors dont have the resources to pay for this costly and often protracted stage of product introduction. Most lenders and investors are trapped by a Catch-22 mentality that makes them reluctant to invest in ideas until after theyre proven viable in the marketplace. If we believe in our idea, we can be the first to market. RD consists of producing prototypes, testing them for usability and other features, and refining the design until we wind up with something we think we can make and sell for a profit. This may involve test-marketing, beta testing, analysis of marketing plans and sales projections, cost studies, and more. As the last step before you commit to rolling your product out, RD is perhaps the most important step of all. Promoting and marketing your product- Now that we have a ready-for-sale product, its time to promote, market and distribute it. Many of the rules that apply to existing products also apply to promoting, marketing and distributing new products. However, new products have some additional wrinkles. For instance, our promotion will probably consist of a larger amount of customer education, since we will be offering them something they have never seen before. Our marketing may have to be broader than the niche efforts weve used in the past because, odds are, well be a little unsure about the actual market out there. Finally, we may need to test some completely new distribution channels until we find the right place to sell our product. Strategic Marketing Tools Our tools are organized under our 5-Step Planning process. See down to find the step and tool that interests us most. The Market To Win Five Step Planning Process. Key Tasks 1.Pre-planning 3b. Define the Key Challenges 3a. Segment the Market 3d. Define the Value Proposition 3c. Target the Best Segments 3.Formulate Marketing Strategy 2b. Internal Business Audit 2a. External Market Audit 1b. Launch the Work 1a. Plan the Work 2.Undertake Marketing Audit 4. Complete the Marketing Plan 5. Implement Review 1. Pre-planning- The pre planning by Yamaha is that they pre-prepare themselves for the this declining stage of their bikes. They already made new bikes from their own product innovations for that drastic situation of declining and just need the right time to launch them. 2. Marketing audit/research-They did market research in advance that their products are declining because of rising financing cost. As they were focussing rural market and rising financing cost has affects the sales of their products. They also research that the taste of consumers are also changed, where their product was declining because of rising financing cost on the other side consumer are ready to buy premium and deluxe bikes. Business for premium and deluxe bikes was increased. 3. Market strategy- The market strategy Yamaha used that time they introduce their right products as per market demand. They focus on premium bikes segment that time. The key challenge was rising financing cost. They understand that the price will be not an issue for the premium and deluxe segment customers so the rising financing cost will not effect the sales and demand of their products and they were right. 4. Market plan- Yamaha uses right market plan with right market audit and with their right products for that time and got success for firm. 5. Implemented review- They implemented the right market plan in that declining stage of their products and in review they got success for their brand, products and maintain their image in motor biking industry. It is a sad fact that many marketing plans do not get implemented well.   There are many possible reasons for this but certainly poor project and change management is a key one.   If we do the pre-planning work well, there is more chance the Marketing Plan will be accepted and implemented as Yamaha done. Re-launch or reposition One strategy is the re-launch and re-position mature brands. Yamaha doesnt use this strategy because the taste of consumers is also changed. Product Innovation Product innovation is another strategy. They uses this strategy they innovate with their own products like Yamaha R1 and introduce their new products. The firm launched four new models in 2008. Two of them was of 125 cc and launched in February 2008. The other two, both of 150 cc, came in July and in November. Three new Yamaha Bikes for India in 2008 Globally, Yamaha Motorcycles has a performance oriented brand image and is known for their technological excellence. But thats not the case for Yamaha India with their damp and not so exciting current line-up of bikes. Realizing the power and growth potential of the Indian 2-wheeler market, Yamaha is bent on re-establishing themselves in India, only this time aiming for the brand image rather than going after mass market sales. As part of their strategy YMI recently launched the world class YZF R1 and MT01, furthermore Yamaha launched 3 new bikes in India in 2008. Yamaha YZF-R15 2008 Yamaha yzf r15 India Sports oriented, Yamaha YZF R15 is a track ready, made for India bike inheriting from the Yamaha R1. The new single cylinder, 4-stroke, 150cc engine has 4-valves, is liquid cooled and have Fuel Injection. The bike also has front and rear disc brakes. R15 launched in India in 2008. The power output was around 18 bhp. Yamaha FZ (150) Yamaha fz 150 India 2008 IMO The best looking among the 3, the Yamaha FZ is a mean-looking naked street bike, again made for India inheriting from the European FZ1. FZ share R15à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s 150cc single cylinder engine but have air-cooled.Yamaha FZ 150 was also launched in India 2008. Yamaha Gladiator Type SS / RS Yamaha Gladiator 2008 SS RS India Yamaha Gladiator was available in two new variants Type SS (Stylish Sporty) Type RS (Racing Sports) and these bikes have the 125 cc engine block. Yamaha says SS RS have 26 improved features to make them dynamic and best performing bikes in their class. Gladiator Type SS / RS was also launched in India by the end of February 2008. Indian consumers got the feel of the superbikes mainly from the movie Dhoom (thanks to John Abrahams Hayabusa) and after that theyve been witnessing a regular growth in both, the sales and options (superbikes) available in India. Sources in the industry confirm that almost 600 superbikes are imported every year, which includes those imported by the company and those that come from indirect routes. Apart from growing in the domestic market, Yamaha is also looking to scale up its exports. They are very hopeful of increasing exports from India. In 2009 and so far in 2010, they have received good response and orders from the overseas markets. they export Gladiator Type SS, FZ16, YZF-R15, Crux, Enticer, Alba, G5 to countries like Colombia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Kenya, Bangladesh, Philippines. They definitely look forward to increase their presence in the overseas market and grow in terms of exports. Yamaha plans to capture larger market share in India. It is aiming for a 20% share in the Indian bike segment especially in deluxe and premium range products. They have been receiving an overwhelming response for their premium and deluxe segment models. They have clocked a robust performance so far and should achieve a market share of 20% in the deluxe and premium segments. Currently Yamaha has 3.5% market share in India but the sales are picking up very fast and the company foresees a robust growth in coming years. By end of 2012, it intends to have at least 10-12% market share in the country. They expect to grow 40% in 2010 and 30% in 2011. Their main growth will be from the FZ series. Premium products like YZF-R15 and FZ-15 continue to showcase strong demand and robust sales. In the deluxe segment, they have succeeded in garnering a market share of 12%. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTH Good quality Long life engine High mileage Unique product offering Technology Style Brand WEAKNESS Wrong focus segment Emphasis on value for money Wrong trend OPPURTUNITY Innovation Increased product quality Product for rural areas Big market (domestically globaly) THREAT Competition Strength Yamaha has good quality motor bikes. Their bikes engine are long lasting and fuel efficients. They uses Japanese technology for their products. They offers unique products to market. They have different styles of product and they are known for their brand image in motor biking industry. Weakness They were previously focus on wrong segments. They emphasis on manufacturing value for money products. The trend on focusing on rural industry was wrong. Opportunity They have innovated opportunity to launch their new products. They have increased quality products like R15 and FZ16. They have opportunity to rule for urban as well as rural areas. They have big market opportunity domestic and internationaly. Threat Yamaha have lots of threat from their competition. Yamaha is wary of competition from the well entrenched players but hopes to counter the competition through its unique product offering. The Seven Ps of Marketing The basic Four Ps of Marketing Product This is the most important thing in the mix, the physical product or the service that the entity is offering for sale to the public. We will need to market this to the customers by telling them the unique features and benefits the product has to offer as Yamaha did most of the time when its value for money they emphasis on that, when its about looks and image they shows that as well. Price This is the price or amount that the customer needs to giveaway in exchange of the product or service we are offering. Marketing strategy will need to ensure that people will get the perceived value as greater than the price they will need to giveaway. Yamaha give the price of normal bikes and gave the looks of superbikes. Placement Placement or distribution, we will need to spell out where the product or service is available. This may either be online or offline, we will need to inform the public where the products may be available. Yamaha places their products in showrooms as well their full descriptive images online. Promotion We will need to promote the product or service whether online of offline. Online marketing makes it cheaper to conduct promotions and reach as many people as possible. Yamaha mostly uses brand ambassadors for the products and also promotes in motoracing. The next three Ps People In order for any marketing activity to be effective, to will need to train and motivate the people to do their job. The people that delivers the product or service and those that come in between the customer and the manufacturer needs to know their job for the strategy to work. People may also refer to the customers who will need to buy our products, they are very important to be considered in the development of our marketing strategy. Yamaha trained their people on routine intervals so they can get the best out of them. Process Customer satisfaction is one of the most important roles of marketing. If we can follow the process of delivering high quality service or products to the customers, Our marketing efforts will never be wasted. As Yamaha did uses the process and deliver the right product on right time. Physical evidence Online, it is difficult for the customer to know how the product is going to benefit them. Thus, we will need to create an element by which the customer will be able to feel, taste and smell the product or experience the service. We can do reports and articles that will excite the customers about the product and the service. Yamaha shows the physical evidence of their products in commercials, movies and road shows. Conclusions In conclusion, the success of Yamaha is inseparable with the scientific business strategy. The business strategy is a general concept. It includes two indispensable elements called competitive strategy and marketing strategies as well as the concept of the business strategy. The strategic concept of Yamaha is to take the demand-side strategy. Yamaha subdivides the whole market into several objective markets according to the researches about the partialities of different individuals. And then different types of motor bikes are put into the market aimed at attracting different consumer groups. The competitive strategy of Yamaha is to improve the innovative ability to win the competitive advantage. Strong technological innovation ability makes Yamaha stand in the most forward position of motor bikes industry all the time, and characterized this brand by a special vitality. And the marketing mix of Yamaha is to use the integrated marketing strategy including product, price, promotion and place. It values the construction of a brand, the orientation of its products and pays a lot of attention to technology improvement. It increases the sales through sensitive advertisement, presentation to the celebrities and large-scale entertainment.  Ã‚   Expectations from the Course Module: When I started this assignment, I had a perception that marketing is identical to sales. Being from commerce back round I also thought that marketing is conflicting to financial studies. However now I can analyze that marketing is a social science. Through the interactive lectures I have learnt that marketing brings together all the elements of management together, namely finance, operations and human resource management. Overall the course module has geared me up as a person who now has managerial skills in all types of verticals. Learning Outcome: I would like to start my learning outcomes from the same fact that being from the Commerce background and always took Marketing as a very spendthrift department and always thought they are trying to put up their Budgets and Expenditures very high and would not allow them to get around to utilize the Budget as they wished or planned. I was always critical of the plans of the Marketing team in the company where I work and would always argue and win back as much pounds as I could to cut on their lucrative Budgetary proposals. But after the Tutor brought in the various Marketing concepts like Situation Analysis, Branding, Segmentation, Marketing Mix, etc., were very clear. The situational analysis taught me how to use the tools of SWOT, PESTLE, the five competitive forces of Michael Porter. That the objectives of an organization or business should be realistic came to light through the learning of the SMART theory of goal setting. I understood that how the goal of a business or company are aligned at every level of business and that their vision and mission are clear.. The tactics part actually has presented before me the entire marketing mix process. It has taught me how the 7Ps of marketing are useful across an organisation or a product or service. The 7ps have taught me how to integrate different methods in management to analyze the operational effectiveness of a business. Personal Experience: My experience as a student in this subject has been great one and has given me a great learning for imparting at my place of business. The concepts that have been taught in the class by the tutor, I am convinced that I can have great success in the marketing field now. As prior to this course module I had always shied off from marketing plans or topics. This is how I have been able to put my learning experience into the learning about Yamaha.

How does a permanent magnet work? :: essays research papers

Some materials have a feature known as ferromagnetism. The prefix "ferro" refers to Iron, which is one such material. Ferromagnetic materials have the ability to "remember" the magnetic fields they have been subjected to. An atom consists of a number of negatively charged electrons, orbiting around a positively charged nucleus. These electrons also possess a quantity known as spin, which is roughly analogous to a spinning top. The combination of orbital and spin motions is called the angular momentum of the electron. Angular momentum is perhaps most easily understood in the case of the Earth: The earth spins about a central axis, which means it at has an angular momentum around that axis. The planets also have an angular momentum as they revolve about the sun. Now, the angular momentum of an electron is a vector quantity, meaning it has direction. The motion of the electron produces a current, which in turn generates a tiny magnetic field in the direction given by the angular momentum. Thus an atom can behave like a dipole, meaning "two poles". The direction of the orbital and spin angular momentum of the electron determine the direction of the magnetic field for the electron and the entire atom, thus giving it "north" and "south" poles. Different atoms have different arrangements of electrons into their orbits, and thus have different angular momenta and dipolar properties. A ferromagnetic material is composed of many microscopic magnets known as domains. Each domain is a region of the magnet, consisting of numerous atomic dipoles, all pointing in the same direction. A strong magnetic field will align the domains of a ferromagnet, or in other words, magnetize it. Once the magnetic field is removed, the domains will remain aligned, resulting in a permanent magnet. This effect is known as hysteresis. Few materials are actually ferromagnetic; however, all substances have a diamagnetic nature. Diamagnetism means that the molecules within a substance will align themselves to an external magnetic field. The external magnetic field induces currents within the material, which in turn result in an internal magnetic field in the opposite direction. This effect is usually quite small and disappears when the external magnetic field is removed. Some materials are paramagnetic. This is the case when the orbital and spin motions of the electrons in a material do not fully cancel each other, so that the individual atoms act like magnetic dipoles.

Exchange Rate Policies In Developing Countries

The monetary exchange in most developing countries is unstable due to the high level of inflation and weak currencies. The monetary policy of a country usually is affected by its monetary exchange rate. A country can attempt to engage on a reductive or expansionary monetary policy depending on the amount of money that is actually in circulation. A country with more amount of money in circulation with increasing inflationary rate tends to adopt a reductive monetary policy where bank interest rate is increased and expenditure on capital infrastructural goods is limited.On the other hand, an expansionary monetary policy encourages the increase in money supply to the economy by reducing interest and bank lending rate, and engaging more in capital expenditures. No matter the monetary policy embarked on by a government, this goes to influence the monetary exchange rate of such country. According to Svensson (2000) the significance of exchange rate on a country’s monetary policy lies in the additional channel that exchange rate provides for the transmission of monetary policy.Secondly, the exchange rate involve a forward looking variable in which case it provides valuable information in the designing and implementation of monetary policy. Thirdly, monetary policy is enhanced through foreign shocks that are mainly propagated thoroughly in exchange rate. A country can utilize either a fixed monetary exchange rate or a flexible exchange rate, depending on the supply rate of money and the monetary independence it choose to stick with.In a developing country, with weak institutions, the exchange rates of such countries are determined by relaying in comparative measure with currencies from other strong and stable economies. Thus, it is difficult for these developing countries to operate flexible exchange rates. As a flexible exchange rate requires that solid financial structure is laid, and consolidated, fiscal and monetary policy institutions are in place.Developing countries engages in fixed rate to operate its exchange rate. In operating, a fixed rate for monetary exchange entails that the country’s central financial institution, i. . the Central Bank buy and sell the domestic currency at a given rate. Furthermore, the viability of such monetary operation is entirely tied to the country’s level of international reserves held by its authorities. ECONOMICS INDEXES ASSOCIATED WITH A DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Most developing countries are consumers’ society with little production. Most revenue and means for generating foreign exchange for this category of country are on primary goods in form of exploration of natural resources and agricultural activities.Agrarian economies and exploration of primary products are mainly source for generating foreign exchange in developing countries. In other words, the economies of most developing countries are tied down to the apron strings of advanced economies. Electronics, technological produc ts, consumable products and finished goods are the main items of import for developing countries. The costs for importing these finished goods are more costly when compared with the amounts that are paid for exports of primary goods and raw materials from developing countries.The inequalities in the pricing regime in the international market are unfavorable for developing countries. This variable contributes to the foreign reserves of developing countries. Invariably, it affects the values of currency and its exchange rate. The monetary values of developing countries are weak when compared with those of vibrant economies. Inflation affects the economic growth and development of developing countries. In a situation where there is much money in the economy pursuing little goods in the economy, this situation leads to increase in inflation rate.Inflation reduces the purchasing power of people in a given economy. This weakens the value and use of money as a medium of exchange (especiall y in a galloping inflationary situation). To Ogbokor (2004), â€Å"Inflation, in a developing country, encourages inventory accumulation in the form of raw material, excessive investment in merchandise building and landed property. As a result, capital is prevented from being utilized for projects required for economic growth†.The implication of information in developing countries is that there brings about dearth of infrastructural amenities and the reduction of purchasing power of people for embracing a meaningful living. Financial institutions in developing countries, such as in Africa, are highly underdeveloped culminating in lack of depth financial consolidation, extensive inefficiency and over populated urban areas. The stock exchange markets in African countries are still in their embryonic state. They are just beginning to gain ground.In recent times, the Nigerian Stock exchange market (NSE) is making progressive growth in capitalization and growth in stock indexes. T he growth in the Nigerian market especially in 2007 financial operation year in the public reform policy taken in the country’s financial sector has aided the stock exchange market in the country. In 2005, the consolidation of the Nigerian banking sector through the recapitalization has brought great improvement in the banking sector and financial institution (Njoku, 2006).The great feet attained in the reform, policy has led the government to introduce this recapitalization policy in the insurance sector. In the past the Breton institution, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank have recommended several medicines for the ailing economies of third world and developing economies. Such measures to embark on a structural adjustment programmed that will involve the devaluation of their currencies, among other measures such as privatization of public enterprises, removal of subsidies on public goods and less government intervention in their countries econ omies inter-alia.Even though these developing countries have put the structural programmed into use there situation economically still remain the same, sometimes made worst. â€Å"This SAP-induced inflation has resulted in adverse income redistribution, leading to increased personal insecurity and lessened personal satisfaction, while heightening interpersonal and institutional tensions and deterring investment and inhibiting consumer spending† (Anyanwu 1992). MONETARY EXCHANGE POLICIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The move to find an appropriate policy for monetary rate for developing countries has being on for decades now.But the volatile capital situation in these category of countries have made it more challenging for finding a lasting solution for the monetary exchange these countries. In these view, Velasco (2000) argued, â€Å"a significant conclusion that is shared from the volatile monetary exchange rate from developing countries is that adjustable or crawling pegs are e xtremely fragile in a world of volatile capital movements. The pressure resulting from massive capital flow reversals and weakened domestic financial systems was too strong even for countries that followed sound macroeconomic policies and had large stocks of reserves†.Since the 1970s, the volatile nature of the exchange rate of poor and developing countries is seen to be pervasive; as there are no stable, developed and consolidated financial institutions to peg exchange rate for countries and partners that these developing countries transact international business. The concern here according to Collins (1995) was that â€Å"the market for the developing countries currency were so thin, creating a volatile exchange rate that would be disruptive for economic activity†.The missing link for developing countries for a lasting solution for its exchange rate has being on the lack of a consolidated financial institution and stable economy. This situation for developing countrie s is made worst during the 1970s and 80s. â€Å"Prior to the 1980s, it was widely believed that operating a competitive floating exchange rate regime required a level of institutional development that developing countries did not possess† (Quirk, 1994: 135). The volatile nature of the exchange rate as recognized in the economy of developing countries is not entirely an inherent cause sometimes the activities of foreign and developed economies.For instance, the emergence of the European currency bloc has aided in rendering the exchange rate more volatile in developing countries. This according to Collingnon (1999) cited in Kawai & Takagi (2003) â€Å"has made exchange rates between the three major world currencies more volatile and thereby contributed to the reduction of cross-border investment worldwide†. The economic structures in developing countries in term of its embryonic and underdeveloped financial institutions are contributory factors that are making them have an unstable and unpredictable monetary exchange policy.The explanation for the long run inflationary trend in developing nations, according to the Structuralists, is in terms of certain structural rigidities. These include market imperfections and social tensions in those nations, including the relative inelasticity of the food supply, foreign-exchange constraints, protective measures, a rise in the demand for food, a fall in export earnings, hoarding, import substitution, industrialization, and political instability, inter-alia† (Ghatak 1995).The devaluation of currency of developing country is done with the aim to create a real basis for measuring feasible and accurate exchange rate between imports and exports of transactions in the international market. However, â€Å"the usefulness of real devaluation in stimulating growth may seem self-evident; this view is not uniformly supported either by prior theoretical research or by the experience of countries implementing exchang e rate devaluations† (Kamin & Rogers 1997). Devaluation of currency of developing countries have it untold hardship and high cost for goods and services.Looking at the devaluation of the Nigerian currency, Anyanwu (1992) argues, â€Å"†¦the continued naira depreciation has encouraged the smuggling out of goods (especially food stuffs) leading to local scarcity and higher prices. It has also encouraged a brain drain, partly in an attempt to reap the benefits of naira depreciation, the remittances from which are mainly used for consumption activities, again aggravating local prices†. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF A FIXED EXCHANGE RATE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIESIn recent times, some scholars have conducted research to analysis the use of a fixed exchange rate as basis for structuring the exchange rate regime in developing countries. â€Å"Probity analysis is used to study the determinants of exchange rate regime, build their empirical models around a framework in which the polit ical cost associated with devaluation under fixed exchange rates plays a major role† (Frieden et al 2000). In a fixed exchange rate regime, the government of the developing country directly set the nominal exchange rate.Given the constraints and undeveloped financial institutions in developing countries, the practice of a fixed monetary exchange rate for developing countries is made difficult. The advantage of engaging a fixed exchange rate is to help stabilize a country’s economy. This is aimed at bringing structural change that would integrate the country’s economy into the world economy order in the quickest time possible. This has made currency board of most developing countries to take the move of attaining a fixed exchange rate as a priority that should be attain (Mart, 2004).Before the fall of the Bretton Woods system in 1973, many countries including many Latin American developing countries had adopted a fixed exchange rate regime. The reason for adopting this exchange rate regime measure is to control inflation, reduce exchange rate volatility or to improve competitiveness (Frieden et al 2000). In addition a fixed exchange rate regime tend to enable government of developing countries be disciplined in that they cannot fix any fiscal rate that would be excessive to cause the end or currency collapse.Fixed exchange rate sometimes is used as a short term corrective to harness a developing country’s monetary policy and help it gain credibility. For some developing countries like Poland, Mexico and Vietnam in the 1990s, the fixed exchange rate was utilized as a temporary measure to re-establish these countries policies to gain credibility (Ohno, 1998). Thus, a fixed exchange rate is acceptable in certain circumstances for developing countries, especially where there are unexpected real and financial shocks.However, this should not be permanently used as a measure for operating a developing countries monetary exchange. The flexibi lity exchange rate is more adequate for revamping the ailing and volatile exchange rate of developing countries. â€Å"In an unstable world economy, they must retain the ability to combine stability and flexibility as circumstances change. For the same reason, currency boards and permanently fixed exchange rates (with no escape clause) are not to be recommended† (ibid).In a galloping inflationary situation in a developing country, the exchange rate policy to adopt is a flexible one that allows currency to float and depreciate. After the tightening of the macroeconomic policies in such a country, it becomes useful to adopt a fixed exchange rate as a measure. As Ohno (1998) puts it, â€Å"As inflation subsides to a more manageable level (say, 10 to 20 percent per year), the fixed exchange rate becomes a symbol of monetary and fiscal prudence and its abandonment becomes politically too costly†.Invariably, it means that the utilization of a fixed exchange rate should come in when the inflationary rate of a developing country is becoming low and at a manageable level. Furthermore, the utilizing of a fixed exchange regime in developing country is significant in the sense that it provides stability of price to local economic agents. This is especially in the case where a country operates an open economy, in which exchange rate volatility may have substantial costs within itself (Frieden et al 2000). As earlier stated a country has the option either to choose a fixed monetary exchange rate or one that is flexible.For developing and emerging economies that want to choose a policy of a permanently fixed exchange rate this can be done through its currency board with it could adopt a common currency (‘Dollarisation’). On the other hand, developing countries can adopt a flexible policy, which according to Taylor (2000) is â€Å"†¦the only sound monetary policy is one based on the trinity of a flexible exchange rate, an inflation target, and a monetary policy rule†. However, the benefits and the cost implication of fixed exchange rates depend on the country and those variables and characteristics it is associated.For instance, a country with exceedingly high level of inflation with the urgently need to stabilize its economy will be beneficial to utilize a fixed exchange rate. â€Å"The higher the rate of inflation; i. e. one below some hyperinflationary threshold, the more a fixed rate will impose competitive pressures on tradable producers and more generally pressure on the balance of payments† (Frieden et al 2000). According to Collins (1995), a government of developing country should opt for a fixed exchange rate regime when it sense and anticipate a small misalignment cost from maintaining the existing peg.In addition, the need for government to adopt a fixed exchange rate is when she believes that discrete nominal exchange rate adjustments have only small political costs, when the government perceived her ability to manage a flexible exchange rate as low, or when the government attempt to stabilize a very high inflation. Third world countries usually are faced with political instability. During period of political instability, the adopting of fixed exchange rate by a developing country is more pronounced (Frieden et al 2000).The drawback associated with a fixed exchange regime for developing country is that an inflation differential between the pegging country and the anchor generates an appreciation of the real exchange rate, which in the absence of compensating productivity gains, hurts the tradable sector and might generate a balance of payments crisis (ibid) THE NEED TO ADOPT A FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES For a country adopting a flexible exchange rate, the government of such country has imperfect control over the nominal exchange rate in its monetary policy.In this case, â€Å"the actual exchange rate is influenced by some shocks both at home and abroad The greater the variance of these shocks the less control policy makers will have over the actual nominal exchange rate† (Collins, 1995). The right situation for a government of a developing state to adopt a flexible includes when it perceives and anticipate a large misalignment costs from maintaining a pegged rate, when the political costs to discrete nominal adjustments are high flexibility exchange rate is conducive in such situation.Furthermore, when the government believes her ability to manage a flexible rate was high, and when the government of the state is not planning to stabilize very high inflation (ibid). In the same vain Velasco (2000), argues, â€Å"If shocks to the goods markets are more prevalent than shocks to the money market, then a flexible exchange rate is preferable to a fixed rate for developing countries†.On the other hand, when every movement in the nominal exchange rate is quickly reflected in an upward adjustment in domestic prices, then the insulation provided by flexible exchange rates is nil and thus not expected to provide a satisfactory exchange rate regime (ibid). Under a flexible exchange rate, the change in relative price quickly takes place, unlike the situation in fixed exchange rate where it changes slowly. Thus, there is advantage for developing borrowing under a flexible exchange rate.A flexible exchange rate gives borrowers an incentive to hedge that may be absent under more rigid regimes† (Velasco 2000). With the advantage that accomplish flexible exchange rate, it is still expected that each developing countries should choose and adapt to its own exchange rate system with respect to common basket. â€Å"Whatever the formal arrangement that is adapted; be it a flexible exchange rate regime or a managed float, the important point is that each country in the region should stabilize the real effective exchange rate at normal times by targeting a common currency basket† (Kawai &Takagi 2003).The n eed for developing countries to adopt a flexible exchange rate is more on the volatile nature of the countries with weak financial institutions. The negative effect of exchange rate volatility for developing countries on trade is more obvious when compared to those of developed economies. Taking on comparison between the difference in exchange rate volatility between developing countries and developing countries, it is seen that work on Pakistan’s exports to Germany, Japan, and the United States for 1974-85 suggests that exports were significantly adversely affected by variability in nominal bilateral exchange rates.On the other hand, the effect of real exchange rate variability on the exports of Chile, Colombia, Peru, the Philippines, Thailand and Turkey have attained the clear evidence of generally considerably negative and substantial impact (ibid). Scholars have advocated more of flexible exchange rate for developing countries than a fixed one, however there are demerits associated with the use of flexible exchange rate. According to Collins (1995), â€Å"flexible exchange rates make it very difficult to alter domestic price and wage setting behavior so as to reduce inflation†.More flexible exchange rate regimes may result in higher equilibrium levels of inflation because they do not effectively discipline central bankers (ibid). CONCLUSION The monetary exchange rate of developing is characterized by a highly volatile and unstable exchange rate regime. Thus, it becomes difficult to adopt a fixed exchange rate regime, given the weak financial institutions in this category of countries. Furthermore, the embryonic state of capital market and other financial institutions in developing country further weakens the currency of these countries.Inflationary rate in developing countries are on the increase thus to stable the economy within shorter period, anticipating a short misalignment costs will be adequate for a government of a developing country to adopt a fixed exchange rate. On the hand to correct, a flexible exchange rate regime is suitable for a developing country in managing its economy currency stability over a longer period. The development of financial institutions and the consolidation of capital and money markets of developing country will aid them to embrace a feasible regime that would contribute to strengthen its currency value and ensure a vibrant economy.